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| Location | Gear | Catch | Technique | Bycatch species | Type | Results |
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Acoustic deterrent devices
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Mammals, Small Cetaceans (maximum length < 7.5 meters), Phocoena phocoena (Harbor porpoise) | Study in the lab | This study estimated the source signal level of four models of acoustic pingers: yellow Fisktek (BP-FR), red Fishtek (BP-FR High Power), white Future Oceans Netguard, and red Future Oceans Netshield. Fishtek pingers produced "chirp"-like signals spanning ~50-150 kHZ. Future Oceans pingers produced more stable frequency signals with a stronger harmonic content extending to 200 kHZ. The dominant one-third octave band for all tested pingers was 63 kHZ, which aligns well with harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) heating sensitivity. Detection ranges using a hydrophone were highly dependent on environmental conditions and receiver placement, particularly hydrophone depth. Realistic detection distances ranged from several hundred meters to several kilometers. |